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Employee Highlight – Summer 2018

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April Abate is an environmental scientist with the Division’s Minerals Program.  She started with the Division in 2008 working in the coal program then transferred to Minerals in 2013. 

Her job involves implementing state rules, regulating, and inspecting all hard rock mining activity in the state including small and large mines and exploration permits. April is responsible for overseeing all mineral mining operations in Utah and Uintah counties.

Some of the best aspects of her job involve working with mining companies to conduct operations that minimize impacts to the environment. For example, when a mine is located in a sage grouse management area, creative and alternative ideas need to be implemented to protect and reduce impacts to habitat. April works with biologists from the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (DWR) to find options that allow mining operations to continue without effecting habitat.

One of April’s greatest job satisfactions is when she can propose ideas that are  more efficient, streamlined, and minimize ground disturbance. She tells operators to begin with the end reclamation in mind before starting mining. Often the main focus is on production, with reclamation being an afterthought. Enforcing the Mined Land Reclamation Act makes mine reclamation planning forethought, rather than an afterthought.

April also enjoys the people with whom she works. From local ranchers, government officials, operators, or organic chemists, she enjoys conversations with all of them and always takes away a gained perspective from these learning experiences. 

April grew up in the Boston, Massachusetts area and is a Boston sports fan and seafood lover at heart.

Message from Director John Baza – Spring 2018

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Occasionally the Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (OGM) finds it necessary to take enforcement action against companies operating in the state. These actions are taken for a variety of reasons, but most often because there is a substantial risk of harm if an operator remains out of compliance with established rules. The potential for harm could be to the environment, to public health and safety, or to the monetary obligations inherent with producing energy and mineral resources.

Some recent examples of enforcement action include:

  • Needing to reclaim a waste pile associated with mining operations
  • Requiring removal of produced water and oilfield wastes from an inactive petroleum site
  • Addressing a failure to report produced volumes of oil and gas from wells in order to properly pay mineral royalties and taxes
  • Requiring the posting of an adequate reclamation bond for extractive operations in order to avoid future public liability for closure and reclamation

Most of us understand the need for structured rules and regulations in society intended to maintain order and prevent harm. Whether it is traffic regulation, laws regarding investment practices or municipal ordinances for snow clearing in winter months, we all live in a system that expects compliance for a variety of daily activities. When we all work to apply these requirements, then life flows smoothly with minimal inconvenience. But when even one or two individuals skirt the rules or try to make exceptions for themselves, then many other persons can be affected or even injured.

OGM field operations staff works diligently to ensure compliance by operators by instructing, informing, and advising parties regarding requirements for workmanlike energy and mineral production in Utah. But there are occasional examples where such efforts over lengthy periods of time have failed. These are the cases where enforcement actions become necessary to achieve a desired outcome. Fortunately, there are many responsible operating companies in Utah, and it is rare that OGM must proceed to enforcement action, but it remains a tool for effective compliance that is used from time to time.

Exploration and Production Waste Disposal Facilities Five-Year Plan Renewal

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Oil and gas exploration and production waste disposal facilities in Utah are required by state rule R649-9-8.5.1 Bonding of Disposal Facilities to post full cost bonds for their operations by July 1, 2018. Operators must submit a completed application and estimated bond by July 1, subject to review by Division staff.

This rule was modified and approved by the Utah Board of Oil, Gas and Mining in 2013 requiring an independent, third party review of reclamation and closure cost estimates to ensure coverage. Adequate bonding protects the Division of Oil, Gas and Mining and the state of Utah against expensive reclamation costs requiring state funds. Requiring full cost bonds ensures each step of remediation is covered including waste and equipment management, re-contouring sites, and reseeding.

The majority of exploration and production waste is handled through use of three types of waste disposal facilities permitted in the state: injection wells, evaporative ponds, and land farms. Injection wells take produced water and inject it deep into underground rock formations. Evaporative ponds are filled with produced water and then use evaporation to vaporize the water. Land farms use microorganisms in the soil to naturally biodegrade hydrocarbon contaminated soils.

Currently there are 30 permitted facilities in Utah- one in Sevier, two in San Juan, two in Grand, seven in Duchesne and 18 in Uintah counties.

Oil and gas program staff has worked to notify and remind operators of the upcoming deadline to ensure compliance by July 1 through letters and information on the Division website. Staff will follow-up with non-responsive operators in May to make certain everyone has been notified. Operators who do not post a full cost bond will have their permits revoked until the bond requirements are met.

For more information on the five-year permit renewal process, visit https://oilgas.ogm.utah.gov/oilgasweb/publications/publications-main.xhtml

Loose in the Lab Program

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In 2010 the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (OGM) conducted statewide research to determine how much or how little Utahns knew about petroleum, mineral, and coal production, how the use of these natural resources impact their personal standard of living and post-mining regulations. The results indicated that there was a disconnect in what Utahns knew about their energy and mineral use highlighting an opportunity for education.

In 2011, Utah Legislators provided OGM with funding to create and implement the Utah Geology for Utah Kids- Science that Rocks! education program aimed at Utah’s fourth grade school children. The statewide school curriculum includes an earth science component at the fourth grade level making it an ideal fit. 

Bryce Hixson, owner and creator of Loose in the Lab, is the contracted instructor. He developed a four-hour teacher instruction program where teachers are taught how to teach geology using creative and fun methods. Teachers participate in hands-on demonstrations; receive guidebooks, a classroom set of student lab books, a classroom kit containing mineral specimens, and all materials necessary to conduct lab activities.

The purpose of the program is to provide an educational geology program to fourth grade classrooms each year. The goal is to provide an integrated, hands-on, science unit that incorporates learning about and understanding the rock cycle, the geologic history of Utah and its oil, gas and mineral resources. The program is designed to educate Utah’s fourth graders about the value of extracting oil, gas and mineral resources to benefit our lives while protecting the environment and acting as responsible stewards of the land.

Since the beginning of the program 1,248 fourth grade teachers from 26 of Utah’s 40 school districts, five charter schools, and the Catholic Diocese of Utah have been trained. This means that roughly 28,579 students a year are being reached with this program.  Feedback from school administrators and teachers is extremely positive. Teachers often leave the workshops feeling more confident in their abilities to teach their students geology. 


“This helped answer my questions about geology and now I feel more confident teaching it.” – Teacher Jessica Littlefield, Cache County School District.

            “This is such an amazing program! I’ve seen colleagues use it and was so jealous. The kids LOVE it!” – Teacher Lexie Blackhurst, Davis County School District.

For more information on the program, visit http://ogm.utah.gov/amr/utahGeologySchool/index.php

Five Mile Pass Mine Shaft Closure Project

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This project closed a large mine shaft opening in the Five Mile Pass area near Fairfield, Utah. This area is a very popular destination for all-terrain vehicle (ATV) riding due to the close proximity to the Wasatch Front.

Construction was completed by inmates from Utah Correctional Industries. This partnership provides lower cost labor to the state, while providing inmates opportunities for skill development. 

Upcoming Abandoned Mine Reclamation Projects

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The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Program (AMRP) estimates there are 20,000 abandoned mine openings across the state. Since the program began in 1983, approximately 6,000 of those have been closed.

The AMRP prioritizes project areas for mine closures (often mining districts) using a geographic information system (GIS) model. The model analyzes factors such as the estimated number of mines, proximity to roads and nearby population, and land use to find the areas of highest risk. 

Utah has a rich mining history and provides nearly every mineral needed by our modern society, including copper, silver, and uranium. Park City, Eureka, and Moab were established by miners. When the mines no longer produced, they were often simply abandoned leaving hazardous equipment, open shafts, tunnels, and piles of waste rock. The Utah Mined Land Reclamation Act was passed in 1975, making it illegal for mines to be abandoned. In 1977, the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) was created to fund state regulatory and reclamation efforts.

SMCRA created the Abandoned Mine Land (AML) fund to pay for the cleanup of mine lands abandoned before 1977. The fund is financed by a tax on coal mining operations. 80 percent of AML fees are distributed to approved state programs to fund reclamation activities. Coal reclamation projects are the first priority, but hard rock (gold, nickel, lead, etc.) reclamation projects can also be eligible.

Once mine openings are identified for closure, several planning and analysis tasks come before any dirt is moved. As federally-funded projects, reclamation work is subject to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, as well as other state and local laws. These laws require agencies to consider the effects of the project on cultural resources, threatened and endangered species, and the human environment. This entire process can take up to one year.

Once NEPA is completed, a construction contractor is selected through the Division of Purchasing bid process and construction can be scheduled.

The following is a list of upcoming AMRP projects scheduled for spring and summer this year:

  • Diamond Gulch West in Juab County will close approximately 82 mine openings on private land with backfill and rebar grates.    
  • Dutch Mountain in Tooele County will close approximately 116 mine openings on public land with backfill, masonry walls, and rebar grates.
  • Kenilworth Maintenance III in Carbon County will provide stream restoration by regrading and installing riprap in a series of check structures to reduce flow velocity.         
  • Chief One Subsidence in Juab County will use a concrete cap and approximately 23,000 cubic yards of fill material to close a large subsidence hole.
  • Factory Butte Adit in Wayne County will close one coal mine opening with a block wall and backfill.
  • Hiawatha Phase I in Carbon County will close approximately 15 coal mine portals with block walls and backfill.       
  • Honerine Portal in Tooele County will re-timber a historic mine portal on private land and install a gate to preserve cultural integrity.     
  • Poverty Flat in Sevier County will close two mine openings; one shaft with backfill and one incline with culvert and bat grate.       
  • Prince of Wales Shafts in Salt Lake County will repair three grated shafts on private land in the Wasatch Range. Helicopter support to move supplies will be required.

The AMRP’s mission is to protect the public from dangers of old mines. Mining sites can be intriguing to unsuspecting explorers but can contain dangerous gases, unstable structures and explosives. Stay Out and Stay Alive!

Tips to staying safe:

  • Stay on designated trails and routes
  • Check maps for mines before heading out, but remember that many mines aren’t mapped
  • Never enter an abandoned mine- stay out, stay alive!
  • Familiarize yourself with the landscape and know signs of mining areas (mine dumps, headframes, and old equipment)
  • Respect private property and NO TRESPASSING signs

For more information about the AMRP or for a full list of upcoming projects, visit https://www.ogm.utah.gov/amr/index.php

Employee Highlight – Spring 2018

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Dayne Doucet is a petroleum engineer and was recently selected to oversee the well permitting in the oil and gas program. As the permit manager, he reviews all applications to drill (APDs) verifying requirements of the Division rules are met and that development is done responsibly.

He utilizes his engineering skills by assisting with shut-in temporarily abandoned (TA) wells, and reviews well designs. Dayne also participates in Board hearings by providing technical expertise in Division matters. He often fields questions from both the public and operators and does his best to provide answers and education on what the Division does and why.

According to Dayne, the best part of his job is the people with whom he works. Whether meeting with internal staff or working with operators in the field, he feels lucky to be involved with smart, passionate, and hardworking people. He also values working for an organization that uses responsible development, protecting public health and safety, and preserving the environment as the guiding objectives for doing business.

Dayne has worked for the Division since February 2015. Before working for the state, he worked in the oil and gas industry in Wyoming, Texas, Colorado, and Utah. He has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Petroleum Engineering from Montana Tech in Butte, Montana.

When Dayne isn’t working, he enjoys everything Utah Jazz, golfing, reading, fishing, and spending time with his wife and family.

Message from Director John Baza – Winter 2018

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Much has been said over the years about the Energy–Water nexus, meaning that it takes energy to develop water for consumption and it takes water to develop energy resources. Whether it is coal mining, copper mining, or oil and gas drilling, it seems that water and energy development must coexist. 

At a recent Uinta Basin Oil and Gas Collaborative Group (UBOGCG) meeting held in Duchesne, the theme of the meeting was oilfield produced water. Several qualified speakers gave presentations on the management of water that is produced from oilfields in Utah during the process of extracting hydrocarbons from deep petroleum reservoirs in the Uinta Basin. The meeting was well attended, illustrating the interest garnered by the topic. For me, the meeting highlighted how little attention has been given in the past to putting this water to some kind beneficial use.

Oilfield water is produced in abundance out of petroleum reservoirs. For Utah oil wells, the production ratio of water to oil is 6:1 or higher – meaning that for every barrel of oil produced, there are six barrels of water. This is water that has remained in place with the hydrocarbons for eons, and it is generally brackish or mineral-laden, so for the most part it is unusable for human consumption or agriculture. 

In the past, it has been a waste management problem for oil producers with most operators either disposing of the produced water or recycling the water for enhanced recovery operations or injection stimulation of oil production in other wells. But recycling has only accounted for a portion of the produced water and historically, much of it has been reinjected back into underground formations that already contain unusable water. 

In Utah, there might be over 20,000 acre-feet of produced water that must be managed and/or disposed.  If even a small portion could displace fresh water use in industrial or residential processes not requiring fresh water, then there could be great benefit by allowing fresh water to move toward other consumptive purposes.

There have been efforts in the recent past to characterize the quantity and quality of produced water, most relevant to Utah operators is the report by the Utah Geological Survey entitled “Produced Water in the Uinta Basin, Utah: Evaluation of Reservoirs, Water Storage Aquifers, and Management Options.”  This report was described at the recent UBOGCG meeting, and it should serve as a valuable tool to the petroleum industry for operations in Utah.

Another study underway is being led by the Groundwater Protection Council (GWPC) based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, representing state government interests across the U.S. for groundwater regulation and protection matters. This study was initiated in July 2017 with a kickoff meeting in Salt Lake City and subsequent discussions in Oklahoma City; Boston, Massachusetts; and an upcoming meeting in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The purpose of the study is to provide the current regulatory landscape and state of scientific knowledge relative to produced water management and re-use.  It is organized in three modules: (1) the legal and regulatory framework; (2) industry infield re-use; and (3) re-use opportunities outside of the oilfield. The leaders of the individual modules are proceeding to use subject matter experts to draft portions of the study that is expected for publication in early 2019.

Clearly, some of the best minds in the country are pondering this situation, and it is my greatest hope that better uses for oilfield produced water can be found for the benefit of all Utah citizens.

2018 Calendars Available

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Each year the Abandoned Mine Reclamation (AMR) Program creates a calendar highlighting the history of mining in Utah. The calendar is part of the fourth grade education program focusing on abandoned mine safety.

This year’s calendar features historic Spring Canyon, located west of Helper, Utah.  This once bustling area was home to more than 1,000 residents, included a hospital, school, and even a swimming pool. Historic photographs and descriptions provide a glimpse back in time highlighting the highs and lows of living and working in a coal mining town. 

If you’re interested in a free calendar, please send your mailing address to amrinfo@utah.gov. 

Call for Environmental Excellence Award Nominations

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The Board of Oil, Gas and Mining is accepting nominations for 2018 Environmental Excellence Awards now through Wednesday, February 28. 
Previously known as Earth Day Awards, Environmental Excellence Awards recognize reclamation projects and innovations in environmental technology going above and beyond what is required by regulation. It is an opportunity for companies to demonstrate technical expertise, pride in their industry, and concern not only for the economics of their industry, but also for our environment. 

Awards may be presented in each of three operation types:

  • Oil and gas
  • Minerals mining
  • Coal mining

Award categories:

  • Environmental improvement to an active mine site, exploration site or producing field.
  • Outstanding results following applications of innovative environmental technology.
  • Outstanding final reclamation or site restoration. 

Criteria may include but are not limited to:

  • Stabilization and grading
  • Revegetation
  • Water quality improvement
  • Wildlife habitat improvement
  • Exceptional reclamation/restoration without obligation
  • Outstanding results from implementing environmental technologies

For nomination forms and instructions, visit https://www.ogm.utah.gov/Callfornominationsletter.pdf. Submit nominations to holliebrown@utah.gov.